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ZH In the Italian language, there are four main verb moods: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each of these moods is used to express different intentions, actions, or states.
The indicative talks about facts, the subjunctive about doubts and desires, the conditional about hypothetical situations, and the imperative for commands and requests.
Knowing how to conjugate verbs correctly in these moods allows you to easily express various thoughts and emotions in everyday conversation.
Si sono scusati per il ritardo. (Umberto Eco, Il nome della rosa)
scusarsi : to apologize
scu|sàr|si
: (accento grave)
indicativo scusarsi. Indicative mood of the verb scusarsi
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi presente |
||
| io | mi scuso |
🔊
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| tu | ti scusi |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si scusa |
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|
| noi | ci scusiamo |
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|
| voi | vi scusate |
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|
| loro | si scusano |
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|
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi imperfetto |
||
| io | mi scusavo |
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| tu | ti scusavi |
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| lui/lei/Lei | si scusava |
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| noi | ci scusavamo |
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|
| voi | vi scusavate |
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|
| loro | si scusavano |
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|
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi futuro semplice |
||
| io | mi scuserò |
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|
| tu | ti scuserai |
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| lui/lei/Lei | si scuserà |
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|
| noi | ci scuseremo |
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|
| voi | vi scuserete |
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|
| loro | si scuseranno |
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|
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi passato remoto |
||
| io | mi scusai |
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|
| tu | ti scusasti |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si scusò |
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|
| noi | ci scusammo |
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|
| voi | vi scusaste |
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|
| loro | si scusarono |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi futuro anteriore |
||
| io | mi sarò scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti sarai scusato(a) |
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| lui/lei/Lei | si sarà scusato(a) |
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|
| noi | ci saremo scusati(e) |
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|
| voi | vi sarete scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si saranno scusati(e) |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi passato prossimo |
||
| io | mi sono scusato(a) |
🔊
|
| tu | ti sei scusato(a) |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si è scusato(a) |
🔊
|
| noi | ci siamo scusati(e) |
🔊
|
| voi | vi siete scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si sono scusati(e) |
🔊
|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi trapassato prossimo |
||
| io | mi ero scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti eri scusato(a) |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si era scusato(a) |
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|
| noi | ci eravamo scusati(e) |
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|
| voi | vi eravate scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si erano scusati(e) |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi trapassato remoto |
||
| io | mi fui scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti fosti scusato(a) |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si fu scusato(a) |
🔊
|
| noi | ci fummo scusati(e) |
🔊
|
| voi | vi foste scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si furono scusati(e) |
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|
General information about the indicative mood (Indicativo) of Italian verbs
The indicative mood (Indicativo) is one of the fundamental verb moods in the Italian language, used to express actions, states, or events considered real or certain. It is employed to describe facts, daily routines, and objective situations.
For instance, sentences like "Io vado al mercato" or "Loro studiano per l'esame" illustrate the use of the indicative to convey concrete information.
This mood can be conjugated in various tenses, such as present, past, and future, allowing for precise placement of actions in time. Understanding the indicative is essential for effective communication and for grasping the nuances of the Italian language.
congiuntivo scusarsi. Subjunctive mood of the verb scusarsi
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi congiuntivo presente |
||
| io | mi scusi |
🔊
|
| tu | ti scusi |
🔊
|
| lui/lei/Lei | si scusi |
🔊
|
| noi | ci scusiamo |
🔊
|
| voi | vi scusiate |
🔊
|
| loro | si scusino |
🔊
|
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi congiuntivo imperfetto |
||
| io | mi scusassi |
🔊
|
| tu | ti scusassi |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si scusasse |
🔊
|
| noi | ci scusassimo |
🔊
|
| voi | vi scusaste |
🔊
|
| loro | si scusassero |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi congiuntivo passato |
||
| io | mi sia scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti sia scusato(a) |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si sia scusato(a) |
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|
| noi | ci siamo scusati(e) |
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|
| voi | vi siate scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si siano scusati(e) |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi congiuntivo trapassato |
||
| io | mi fossi scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti fossi scusato(a) |
🔊
|
| lui/lei/Lei | si fosse scusato(a) |
🔊
|
| noi | ci fossimo scusati(e) |
🔊
|
| voi | vi foste scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si fossero scusati(e) |
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|
General information about the subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) of Italian verbs
The subjunctive mood (Congiuntivo) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express uncertainty, wishes, emotions, and hypothetical situations. It is employed when discussing actions that are not certain or real, such as in cases of doubt or possibility.
For instance, sentences like "Spero che tu venga" or "Se avessi tempo, partirei" illustrate the use of the subjunctive to reflect states of mind or events that depend on conditions.
This mood can appear in various tenses, such as present and past, and is essential for nuanced communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
condizionale scusarsi. Conditional mood of the verb scusarsi
|
Tempo semplice
scusarsi condizionale presente |
||
| io | mi scuserei |
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|
| tu | ti scuseresti |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si scuserebbe |
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|
| noi | ci scuseremmo |
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|
| voi | vi scusereste |
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|
| loro | si scuserebbero |
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|
|
Tempo composto
scusarsi condizionale passato |
||
| io | mi sarei scusato(a) |
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|
| tu | ti saresti scusato(a) |
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|
| lui/lei/Lei | si sarebbe scusato(a) |
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|
| noi | ci saremmo scusati(e) |
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|
| voi | vi sareste scusati(e) |
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|
| loro | si sarebbero scusati(e) |
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|
General information about the conditional mood (Condizionale) of Italian verbs
The conditional mood (Condizionale) is a fundamental verb mood in the Italian language, used to express actions or states that depend on specific conditions. It is often employed to formulate wishes, requests, or hypothetical situations that are not certain.
For instance, sentences like "Vorrei un caffè" or "Se avessi più tempo, viaggerei di più" illustrate how the conditional is used to express situations dependent on certain circumstances.
This mood can be conjugated in tenses like present and past, and is essential for clear communication and expressing complex thoughts in the Italian language.
imperativo scusarsi. Imperative mood of the verb scusarsi
scusarsi imperativo |
||
| tu | scusati |
🔊
|
| noi | scusiamoci |
🔊
|
| voi | scusatevi |
🔊
|
scusarsi congiuntivo esortativo |
||
| Lei | si scusi |
🔊
|
| Che lui/lei | si scusi |
🔊
|
| Che loro | si scusino |
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|
General information about the imperative mood (Imperativo) of Italian verbs
The imperative mood (Imperativo) is an essential verb mood in the Italian language, used to give commands, instructions, or advice. It is formed for the second person singular, second person plural, and first person plural.
For example, sentences like "Fai attenzione!" or "Parlate lentamente!" demonstrate how the imperative can be used to communicate directly and clearly. The phrase "Andiamo!" for expressing an invitation to do something together is also an example of the imperative.
However, it's important to note that the imperative does not have forms for the third person singular and plural. In these cases, the subjunctive mood is used to express desires or recommendations in a gentler manner. This characteristic makes Italian unique, as the subjunctive adds a touch of politeness and delicacy to conversations.
Knowing the imperative and its appropriate use is crucial for effective communication and maintaining a friendly tone in everyday interactions.
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